MGT499-Module 5 Case

MGT499-Module 5 Case STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: STRATEGIC CHOICES AND IMPLEMENTATIONTrident UniversityMrs. Carmen M. PÂÆ'Â ©rez-De La MattaModule 5 - CaseMGT499 - Strategic ManagementProfessor: Dr. Alan PreizerOctober 1, 2014Case AssignmentStrategic Choices at Harley-Davidson Motor CompanyTo complete Module 5 Case Assignment, read the information in the background material, look for more information and review some of your previous readings for this class, and then write a 4- to 5-page report for your professor and the executives of H-D Corporation by answering the following questions:What strategy (or combination of strategies) did Harley-Davidson use to become such a successful organization?To what extent has Harley-Davidson's strategy (or combination of strategies) changed over the years, or been constant?How does Harley-Davidson's strategy (or combination of strategies) "fit" with the environment of the motorcycle industry?How does Harley-Davidson's strategy (or combination of strategies) "fit" with the internal resources and competencies of the firm?Based on your analysis and findings, what would you recommend to the executives of Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Corporation?Note: Reports/assignments will not be accepted without proper citations and references.The 1490cc HD engine. Rubber mounted.Use the sources from the background material together with the sources you find on your own.This paper should include: An introduction stating the thesis, position, or central theme of your paper, a main body focusing on the key assignment specifications, and a conclusion concisely stating the main points of your analysis and the conclusions you reached.IntroductionHarley-Davidson has been a major U.S. motorcycle manufacturer and the leading seller of heavyweight models not only in the American market but it also operates globally, with sales mostly in North America, Europe, Asia/Pacific and Latin America. For Harley-Davidson has been crucial to create business strategies in assuring the compa ny succeeds in a diverse competitive targeted consumer market place. This paper...

How to Handle College Long Distance Relationships

How to Handle College Long Distance Relationships You may have left your girlfriend or boyfriend back in your hometown while you went off to school. You both may have left your hometown to attend school in completely different parts of the country. You may even attend the same school, but one of you is studying abroad this semester. Whatever the situation, maintaining a long-distance relationship while in school can be quite a challenge. There are, however, some things you can do to make the experience a little easier for both of you (and your hearts!). Use Technology to Your Advantage There are countless ways to use technology to keep in touch with someone, which you were no doubt using before you arrived on campus. Text messaging, IM-ing, sending cell phone pictures, talking on the phone, sending emails, and using your videocam are only some of the ways you can help stay (and feel!) connected to your far-away partner. Make times with each other to meet up online, and view it like a date. Dont be late, dont forget, and try not to cancel. Try to Send Old-Fashioned Mail As simple as it may seem, getting a card, gift, or care package in the mail always brightens someones day. For partners who are separated by long distances, these little gestures and mementos can provide a physical connection of sorts. And besides, who doesnt like getting a cute card or cookies in the mail?! Make Sure to Visit It may be hard financially, logistically but visiting a partner who is away at school can be really important to maintaining your relationship. You can meet his or her new friends, see where he or she lives, take a tour of the campus, and just get a general feel for your partners new life. Plus, when you both are back at your regular places, you can picture more about your partners life when youre talking on the phone or chatting over the internet. Despite the distance, visiting also demonstrates your interest and commitment to your partner (and might be a great Spring Break idea). Pay Attention to the Details You may not want to spend the limited time you have with your partner talking about the details of your life, but these are often the most important things. Hearing about your weird Biology lab partner, the English professor you love, and how you cant get enough of the dining hall waffles are the things that make you you. Your partner will want to hear all about the details of your new life. So settle in for a long conversation about the things that seem most ridiculous, but that may just end up being the things that keep you together during your time away at school.

The Future of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Future of Leadership - Essay Example Reexamining the status of leadership over the past two decades, it is surprising to learn that HRP first released an editorial with the term ‘leadership’ in its heading after more than a decade (Storey 2004). The last twenty years have seen a proliferation of interest in the development of leadership in organizations. Several of the most notable trends and subject matters in the arena of leadership development in the recent two decades are classified either (1) the explosion of strategies in leadership development, or (2) the essence of the emotional quality of a leader with and influence on others (Nahavandi 2003).  One evident pattern over the recent two decades has been the escalating use and understanding of the strength of various developmental skills . Classroom-type leadership exercise is currently matched, or reinforced, with very diverse activities. Action learning is a group of exercises in organization development where in major actual organizational issues are addressed (Rost 1993). Three forms of goals are pursued, according to Palus and Horth: (1) providing assessable organizational outcomes; (2) share knowledge particular to a specific setting, and (3) expanding broader leadership abilities and competencies. Successful action training could range from unsupervised, implicit learning at work to facilitated and planned learning programs to transformations of organizations and individuals.As stated by Ohlott (2004 as cited in Hernez-Broome & Hughes 2004), difficult job assignments are very effective type.... As stated by Ohlott (2004 as cited in Hernez-Broome & Hughes 2004), difficult job assignments are very effective type of leadership development and offer numerous of the developmental prospects in current organizations. The extent of organizational participation in establishing job assignments a component of the process of their leadership development ranges from merely informing people about developmental prospects in their present occupation to a methodical scheme of job rotation (Nahavandi 2003). Making use of job assignments for the objectives of development offers advantages that transcend the mere fact of accomplishing the job and could even provide competitive advantages for the organization (Howell & Costley 2001). Meanwhile, two decades ago, our knowledge of organizational leadership was governed by the traditional two-factor model emphasizing relationship and task patterns (Hernez-Broome & Hughes, 2004). That common model can be typified as inherently transactional, as diff erentiated from a qualitatively distinct model usually characterized as transformational (ibid, p. 24). Transactional leadership is typified by equally advantageous transactions between parties to maximize shared gains including the completion of required organizational duties. The ‘exchange-model nature’ (Hernez-Broome & Hughes, 2004, 24) of transactional leadership has a tendency to generate expected and quite brief results. Transformational leadership stirred the entrenched values and self-worth of subordinates, and resulted in greater degrees of for lower effort and dedication and more permanent change (Nahavandi 2003). Transformational leaders offer interesting images of a better future and encourage trust through

Reflective report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective report - Assignment Example Since the trends are ever-changing, and new ideas are always coming up, it is imperative that a businessperson strives to keep up with them to maintain significance in the economy (Peltonen, 2012, p. 70). This paper showcases my reflection on personal and professional development that I got after reading texts by Hofstede. & Minkov, Belbin and Jared Diamond and others revolving around culture, organization and teamwork. It also scrutinizes the useful aspects I acquired around internal business, economics and research methods based on the same books. In his book, Hofstede presents the cultural dimensions theory that provides a framework for cross-cultural communication. The reading offers a valuable insight into effects of a society’s culture on the values of its members and the way these values relate to behaviour (Hofstede, 1980, p. 90). I learn that the society behaves differently according to its culture. In a society that exhibits a high degree of power distance accepts hierarchies without the need for justification. Society with low power distance, seek equal distribution of authority (Tuckman, 1965, p. 390). In addition, individualistic societies put too much stress on personal achievements and rights while collective organizations promote the culture of cohesion and unity (Rhodes, 2014, p. 116). People living in societies with cultures having high uncertainty avoidance tend to be anxious and emotional and try minimizing this uncertainty as opposed to those with low uncertainty avoidance that are more tolerant to c hange (Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010, p. 33). It is important as a businessman to consider the cultural set-up of a society before establishing a business in it. Such an action will determine how well the people will accept my business in that the corporation, what quality of employees I will get and consequently how well the company will perform. A society that is indulgent and impulsive will likely result in more sales for my

Case Vignettes in Acid-Base Balance Essay Example for Free

Case Vignettes in Acid-Base Balance Essay Choose three of the four vignettes and BRIEFLY answer the questions that follow. Normal Levels of Substances in the Arterial Blood: pH 7.40 + 0.05 pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) 40 mm Hg pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) 90 100 mm Hg Hemoglobin O2 saturation 94 100 % [HCO3-] 24 meq / liter Vignette #1: A 14-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis has complained of an increased cough productive of green sputum over the last week. She also complained of being increasingly short of breath, and she is noticeably wheezing on physical examination. Arterial blood was drawn and sampled, revealing the following values: pH 7.30 pCO2 50 mm Hg pO2 55 mm Hg Hemoglobin O2 saturation 45 % [HCO3-] 24 meq / liter Questions: 1. How would you classify this girls acid-base status? 2. How does cystic fibrosis cause this acid-base imbalance? 3. How would the kidneys try to compensate for the girls acid-base imbalance? 4. List some other causes of this type of acid-base disturbance. Vignette #2:  A 76-year-old man complained to his wife of severe sub-sternal chest pains that radiated down the inside of his left arm. Shortly afterward, he collapsed on the living room floor. Paramedics arriving at his house just minutes later found him unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse. CPR and electroconvulsive shock were required to start his heart beating  again. Upon arrival at the Emergency Room, the man started to regain consciousness, complaining of severe shortness of breath (dyspnea) and continued chest pain. On physical examination, his vital signs were as follows: Systemic blood 85 mm Hg / 50 mm pressure Hg Heart rate 175 beats / minute Respiratory rate 32 breaths / minute Temperature 99.2o F His breathing was labored, his pulses were rapid and weak everywhere, and his skin was cold and clammy. An ECG was done, revealing significant Q waves in most of the leads. Blood testing revealed markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels of cardiac muscle origin. Arterial blood was sampled and revealed the following: pH 7.22 pCO2 30 mm Hg pO2 70 mm Hg Hemoglobin O2 saturation 88 % [HCO3-] 2 meq / liter Questions: 5. What is the diagnosis? What evidence supports your diagnosis? 6. How would you classify his acid-base status? What specifically caused this acidbase disturbance? 7. How has his body started to compensate for this acid-base disturbance? 8. List some other causes of this type of acid-base disturbance. Vignette #3: An elderly gentleman is in a coma after suffering a severe stroke. He is in the intensive care unit and has been placed on a ventilator. Arterial blood gas measurements from the patient reveal the following: pH 7.50 pCO2 30 mm Hg pO2 100 mm Hg Hemoglobin O2 saturation 98% [HCO3-] 24 meq / liter Questions: 9. How would you classify this patients acid-base status? 10. How does this patients hyperventilation pattern raise the pH of the blood? 11. How might the kidneys respond to this acid-base disturbance? 12. List some other causes of this type of acid-base disturbance.

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Child to Adult -- Catcher Rye Essays

Child to Adult in The Catcher in the Rye  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a story about growing up. It explores the obstacles we all face during our transition from child to adulthood. The tragedies and triumphs, the breakthroughs and setbacks, the happiness and heartache. As you follow the book's protagonist, Holden, through his journey into adulthood, you learn about his life, but more importantly, you learn about your own. You grow to sympathize with the young rebel, and you begin to see traces of yourself in him. This book appeals to the child in all of us because we can all remember a time we'd like to go back to; a time when making our beds was our greatest responsibility and life was something we took for granted. Unfortunately, growing up means letting go, and leaving the past behind. It means not only do things change, but the way you look at them changes. No matter how badly you wish you could stop it, time advances and the world continues to turn. This is no exception for Holden. Thinking back on childhood memories of class trips to the museum he remarks, "The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody'd move. You could go there a hundred thousand times....Nobody'd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you" (121). There have been times in each of our lives that we have wished we had a small cupboard of memories, all kept in little jars labeled with a time, a person, or a place we hope never to forget. Sometimes, one of the happiest and yet saddest parts of life is looking back on the part we have already lived, no matter how great or small. This is something Holden learns about life and about himself as he spends... ...erican teenager. He tests his boundaries and learns what he's comfortable with and what he's not. He forms a lot of opinions about the world. He quickly learns that life is no fairy tale full of gum drops and candy canes. The real world is a harsh place to live, and growing up in it isn't always easy. The book ends abruptly, leaving Holden's future up in the air. We can only imagine what's in store for him and where his travels will take him. More importantly, though, we have come to understand and sympathize with Holden's struggles, and we are sad to hear we have reached the point at which our paths part. Upon leaving, we can only hope that he is headed down the right road, and that destiny will run its course. But in reality, isn't that all that we can hope for ourselves? Work Cited Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Bantam Books, 1951.

Parts of Thesis

Parts of a Thesis (Descriptive Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem: Rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. 3 Related Studies (Local and Foreign) . 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Methodology) 3. 1 Research Design 3. 2 Determination of Sample Size 3. 3 Sampling Design and Technique 3. 4 The Subjects 3. 5 The Research Instrument 3. 6 Validation of the Research Instrument 3. 7 Data Gathering Procedure 3. 8 Data Processing Method 3. 9 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results, Analysis and Interpretation) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions) 6. Bibliography 7. Appendix 8. Curriculum Vitae Parts of a Thesis (Experimental Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem: Rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Review of Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Review of Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. Review of Related Studies (Local and Foreign) 2. 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Materials and Methods) 3. 1 Research Method 3. 2 Materials 3. 3 Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils 3. 4 Procedure 3. 5 Training of Panelists 3. 6 Evaluation of the Results 3. 7 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results and Discussion) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations) 6. References 7. Appendix 8. Curriculum Vitae

Philip Anderson

Which of the investment alternative: Provides the highest returns to the client? Provides the highest profits to Stuart&Co.? In order to find the right result for each question, I suppose the client of each situation will invest $10,000. I will make a lot of calculations to support my opinion. The process listed as Exhibit1, Exhibit2 and Exhibit 3. Both Alternative A and C will provide the highest returns to the client depending on the period of investment. In this case, A has the highest investment return (See Exhibit 3). In this situation, ending redeemable value (ERV=P (1+T) n) and gain on investment are higher than B and C.Other than that, the cost of investment (Cost investment = Initial payment+ Total Load or Commission) is lower than B and C. So, the ROI (ROI= (Gain on investment + Cost of investment)/cost of investment) is higher than B and C. This is because A has the highest initial payments, but B and C need to take the load out from the same initial payments. Moreover, A has a lower management fee. Instead, B has a higher load and management fee; C has a higher load. Alternative B will provide higher profits to Stuart & Co (See Exhibit 2). In this situation, the total profit of Stuart & Co. s the sum of load or commission and management fee. B is higher than A and C. This is because B requires paying load or commission at 5% to purchase. Besides, B has a high percentage management fee. 2. Which alternative should the top management of Stuart & Co. want Philip to recommend to his client? Is the company’s control system designed to ensure that choice? (The case mentions several measures used to reward the branch managers). I think alternative B is what the top management wants because it will bring the maximum profit for the company.The company’s control system is not designed to ensure this choice. For example, the company emphasis on† developing and nurturing profitable relationship with as many clients as possible, and the speci fic products and service sold to clients should be dictated by the needs of those clients. † Obviously, B is not the one which should be dictated needs of clients because clients are pursuing high ROI. At the beginning of this investment, clients need to pay 5% of his initial payment (P) to company for load or commission, which reduces his initial payment.Also, B has the lowest average annual total return (T). During the same length period, lowest P and T will cause the lowest ending redeemable value (ERV). Besides, B has the highest investment cost. Therefore, B’s ROI is lower than A and C. 3. If Philip recommends the highest profit choice (for the company), is he acting unethically? From the perspective of the company, he is acting ethically. This is because maximizing company’s profit is company’s ultimate goal. On one hand, Philip has helped his clients make profit from their investment.On the other side, he helps his company to achieve highest profit. It is the ideal result of company’s control system. Therefore, he is doing an excellent job at his position. It is ethical. However, from the perspective of clients, he is not acting ethically. Clients hope their investment advisor can help them to achieve highest ROI. This means they want higher gain on investment and lower cost of investment, which just conflicts with company’s benefit. So if Philip did not consider clients’ benefit but just focus on company’s benefit, his acting is unethical.

How To Translate To and From Spanish and English

How To Translate To and From Spanish and English Some of the best advice you can get when you start translating to and from English or Spanish is to translate for meaning rather than to translate words. Sometimes what you want to translate will be straightforward enough that there wont be much difference between the two approaches. But more often than not, paying attention to what someone is saying - not just the words the person is using - will pay off in doing a better job of conveying the idea that someone is trying to get across. Key Takeaways When translating from one language to another, aim for conveying the meaning rather than translating individual words.Literal translations often fall short because they can fail to take into account the context and nuances of meaning.There is often no single best translation, so two translators can legitimately differ on their word choices. Translation Raised Questions One example of an approach you might take in translating can be seen in the answer to a question that a reader raised via email about an article that used to appear on this site: When youre translating from one language to another, how do you decide which word to use? Im asking because I saw recently  that you translated llamativas as bold, but that isnt one of the words listed when I looked up that word in the dictionary. The question referred to my translation of the sentence  ¿La fà ³rmula revolucionaria para obtener pestaà ±as llamativas? (taken from a Spanish-language Maybelline mascara ad) as The revolutionary formula for getting bold eyelashes? The writer was correct was correct that dictionaries dont give bold as a possible translation, but bold at least is closer in concept to the dictionary definition of what I used in my first draft: Then I used thick, which isnt even close to any standard of llamativo. Let me explain the various philosophies of translation before discussing that particular word. In general, it can be said that there are two extreme approaches in the way one can translate from one language to another. The first is seeking a literal translation, sometimes known as formal equivalence, in which an attempt is made to translate using the words that correspond as exactly as possible in the two languages, allowing, of course, for the grammatical differences but without paying a great deal of attention to context. A second extreme is paraphrasing, sometimes called making a free or loose translation. One problem with the first approach is that literal translations can be awkward. For example, it might seem more exact to translate the Spanish obtener as to obtain, but most of the time to get will do just as well and sounds less pretentious. An obvious problem with paraphrasing is that the translator may not accurately convey the intent of the speaker, especially where precision of language is required. So many of the best translations take a middle ground, sometimes known as dynamic equivalence - trying to convey the thoughts and intent behind the original as close as possible, veering from the literal where needed to do so. When Theres No Exact Equivalent In the sentence that led to the readers question, the adjective llamativo doesnt have an exact equivalent in English. It is derived from the verb llamar (sometimes translated as to call), so broadly speaking it refers to something that calls attention to itself. Dictionaries usually provide translations such as gaudy, showy, brightly colored, flashy, and loud (as in a loud shirt). However, some of those translations have somewhat negative connotations - something certainly not intended by the writers of the ad. The others dont work well for describing eyelashes. My first translation was a paraphrase; mascara is designed to make eyelashes appear thicker and therefore more noticeable, so I went with thick. After all, in English thats a common way to describe the kind of eyelashes that Maybelline customers would want. But upon reflection, that translation seemed  inadequate. This mascara, another part of the ad pointed out, not only makes the eyelashes look thicker, but also longer a nd exageradas or exaggerated. I considered alternative ways of expressing llamativas, but attractive seemed a bit too weak for an advertisement, enhanced seemed too formal, and attention-getting seemed to convey the thought behind the Spanish word in this context but didnt seem quite right for an ad. So I went with bold. It seemed to me to do a good job of stating the purpose of the product and is also a short word with a positive connotation that might work well in an ad. (If I had wanted to go for an extremely loose interpretation, I might have tried  Whats the secret to having eyelashes people will notice?) A different translator very well might have used a different word, and there very well could be words that would work better. In fact, another reader suggested striking - a great choice. But translation is often more art than science, and that can involve judgment and creativity at least as much as it does knowing the right words.

Benefits of Canadas Plastic Currency

Benefits of Canadas Plastic Currency Canada is trading in its paper currency for plastic. No, not credit cards, actual plastic money. Sometime late in 2011, the Bank of Canada replaced the nations traditional cotton-and-paper bank notes with currency made from a synthetic polymer. Canada purchases its plastic money from a company in Australia, one of nearly two dozen countries where a plastic currency is already in circulation. New Imagery for New Currency The first polymer-made currency released was the $100 bill, released in 2011 and adorned by the 8th Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.The new $50 and $20 bills followed in 2012, the latter featuring Queen Elizabeth II. The $10 and $5 bills were released in 2013. Beyond the figurehead, the bills feature a number of interesting design elements. These include an astronaut, the research icebreaker ship CCGS Amundsen, and the word Arctic spelled out in Inuktitut, an indigenous language. Scientific research and innovation are especially well represented on the $100 bill, with depictions of a researcher sitting at a microscope, a vial of insulin, a DNA strand, and an electrocardiogram printout, commemorating the invention of the pacemaker. Practical Benefits of Plastic Currency Plastic money lasts anywhere from two to five times longer than paper money and performs better in vending machines. And, unlike paper currency, plastic money doesnt shed tiny bits of ink and dust that can disable ATMs by confusing their optical readers. Polymer bills are much more complicated to counterfeit. They include a number of security features including difficult-to-copy transparent windows, hidden numbers, metallic holograms, and text printed in a minuscule font. Plastic money also stays cleaner and becomes less grubby than paper money, because the non-porous surface doesnt absorb perspiration, body oils, or liquids. In fact, the plastic money is virtually waterproof, so the bills wont be ruined if they are left in a pocket by mistake and end up in the washing machine. Actually, plastic money can take a lot of abuse. You can bend and twist plastic currency without damaging it. The new plastic money is also less likely to spread disease because its harder for bacteria to cling to the slick, non-absorbent surface. Canada will also pay less for its new plastic money. While the plastic bank notes cost more to print than their paper equivalents, their longer life means Canada will end up printing far fewer bills and save a substantial amount of, well, money in the long run. Environmental Benefits All in all, it looks like plastic money is good for the government and good for consumers. Even the environment could end up cashing in on the trend toward plastic currency. It turns out plastic money can be recycled and used to manufacture other plastic products such as compost bins and plumbing fixtures. A life-cycle assessment commissioned by the Bank of Canada determined that over their entire life cycle, the polymer bills are responsible for 32% fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and 30% reduction in energy need. Yet, the benefits of recycling are not exclusive to plastic money. For the past several years, various companies have been recycling worn-out paper currency and using the recycled material in products ranging from pencils and coffee mugs to, ironically  and  appropriately, piggy banks.

Obesity in Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Obesity in Children - Research Paper Example As the discussion stresses  morbidly obese children also suffer from emotional distress as a result they develop profuse eating habits and feel delighted if they get all the eatables they wish for, thereby developing a tendency to eat constantly and still remain dissatisfied even after consuming a large full meal. It is observed that children consume junk food items and snacks, containing high proportion of fat, salt and sugar contributing to the obesity. The most favorite food items for kids of present epoch are ice creams, soda pop, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, French fries made of potatoes rich in starch, milk shakes containing excessive sugar, chips, and candy bars. These food items are devoid of fibers and are rich in fats and cholesterol. Instead of consuming raw vegetables and fruits children of the present era like to opt for juice with sugar, as fibers are being strained out from these juices they are devoid of providing nutrition that could act as roughage.  This p aper discusses that  the life style and schedule also paves the way for bad eating habits. Working parents get little time for their children to train them for developing good eating habits. Parents leave little time for attending the kids and discussing with them their issues and concerns, their likes and dislikes.  Working mother seldom gets time to cook food for their kids and thereby forcing the kids to opt for the readymade food stuff available in the market.

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective Essay - 1

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective action - Essay Example Social change may render certain social groups to flourish or become powerful, and politically relevant; nevertheless, the availability of political opportunities does not automatically and immediately yield to heightened protest (Tarrow 1998, p.16). Collective action mainly focuses wholly on the behaviour and/or the authenticity of certain individuals. Collective identity draws from the recognition and the establishment of connectedness, which heralds a sense of common purpose and commitment to a certain cause. Social protests performances mainly emerge from marginalized peoples and oppositional struggles, whereby individuals utilize protests to counter hegemonic strategic via which underrepresented groups challenge the dominant social order and source of change. The representational apparatus provided by social protests serves to reinforce, re-articulate, and re-imagine the objectives of both social and political resistance (Oliver 1993, p.271). Traditional explanations to why indi viduals engage in political violence emphasize that deprivation, characteristically in the form of economic inequality generates grievances and discontent that trigger rebellion and social revolution (McCarthy and Zald 1977, p.1212). The paper explores why some protest groups utilize violence within the context of collective action. Background The contentious politics that were prominent in the 1960s and early 1970s heralded fresh energy to a subject that, for an extended period, has dominated scholarly and political legitimacy. In the 1970s, two prominent paradigms emerged from the welter of studies triggered by the disorderly politics of the 1960s, namely: the resource mobilization (RM) approach to social movement organizations within the US and the new social movement (NSM) approach within Western Europe (Thompson 1971, p.76). Historically, breakdown theory was the dominant theory that guided sociological study of collective action; nevertheless, this theory as deemed to be incre asingly incapable of accounting for the contemporaneous events (Useem 1998, p.215; Aminzade et al. 2001, p.12). Resource mobilization theory replaced breakdown theory as the dominant paradigm. Both resource mobilization and breakdown theories explain diverse forms of phenomena, and both are pertinent in helping account for the full range of forms of collective action (Goodwin and Jasper 2009, p.10). Use of Violence in the Context of Collective Action Collective action represents actions by group members directed at enhancing the conditions of the group as a unit such as petitions, demonstrations, riots, boycotts, and sit-ins. There are numerous explanations to collective action such as relative deprivation, intergroup, social identity, intergroup emotion, and resource mobilization theories. Classical theories indicate that people mostly protests to express their grievances emanating from frustration, relative deprivation, or perceived injustice. Scholars of social movements have hig hlighted that efficacy, opportunities, and resources can be utilized to predict protest participation (Tilly 2008, p.8). Politics within networks enhance efficacy and transform individual grievances into shared grievances and group-based anger that yields protest participation. At the heart of social movement phenomena is the protest event, whereby protest events are in numerous ways the front line of action within social movements. It is essential to recognize that social protests represent a collective action that is not synonymous with collective behaviours such as riots. Collection